measles outbreaks in the 2010s, such opposition to state or district vaccine mandates has been gaining traction, particularly online. government requirements Some groups opposed to vaccines have used arguments around personal choice and freedom to oppose vaccination. People of different political leanings may have faith in different authority figures, and individuals who have not been aware of serious cases of Covid-19 within their immediate social circles may be less likely to believe that vaccines are medically necessary to prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2. political arguments The Covid-19 pandemic has exposed differing levels of hesitancy based on political affiliation and the urban/rural divide. Even so, some individuals may refuse vaccines based on arguments that equate vaccination to the apocalyptic "Mark of the Beast" described in the Book of Revelations in the Christian Bible or concerns about the origins of the cell lines used in vaccine research. religious or moral objections Religious leaders across several faiths and denominations have affirmed the importance of vaccination and the acceptability of vaccines under religious doctrine. Many of these hardline activists against vaccines are driven by a more general mistrust of science, government, public institutions, or private industry, and may also espouse conspiracies about QAnon, genetically modified foods (GMOs), 5G technology, etc. conspiracy theories There is a small, vocal minority that adheres to and promotes conspiracies about vaccines, which may contribute to mainstream misinformation and hesitancy. Alternative health communities may focus on homeopathy, naturopathy, and spiritual healing as alternatives to modern medical practices, rejecting the legitimacy of vaccination. alternative health Some individuals may argue that vaccines are unnatural or not medically necessary, temporally link negative personal experiences to vaccination, or may feel that they can make judgements about the available science, and which vaccines to take when, on their own terms. Many of these communities have been disproportionally impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic, so their questions about safety and efficacy are rooted not in a misunderstanding about the severity of the virus, or even a lack of trusted providers, but in mistrust of institutions.
Particularly in the context of Covid-19 vaccines, people may have concerns about the perceived speed of development, side effects, may feel that they do not have enough information about the vaccines from trusted sources, or may feel overwhelmed trying to make sense of the constant flow of new, often unverified information-what the World Health Organization has called the "infodemic." a legacy of discrimination Historically disadvantaged communities, particularly communities of color, often cite systemic disparities in healthcare and a legacy of discrimination and government abuses as reasons for their enduring mistrust of the healthcare system. safety concerns Some individuals have genuine questions about the safety and efficacy of vaccines, and their hesitancy is not necessarily driven by a lack of trust in science or authority, but by a lack of information and an apprehension about a new intervention. This chart explains some of the different, overlapping reasons people may have for being hesitant about vaccines.
May be spreading misinformation undermine immunize driver#
Barriers to Vaccine Confidence While ease of access can be a large driver of vaccine acceptance, underlying mistrust in science, authority, or institutions may also serve as a barrier to vaccina - tion.
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